feat(exercise): 优化死虫式训练姿态检测算法

- 调整视频处理频率从每帧处理改为每2帧处理
- 添加膝角趋势平滑算法减少单帧抖动误判
- 改进对角伸展检测逻辑支持准备位手臂上举
- 优化状态机确保严格回到准备姿态才计数
- 添加姿态丢失时的候选帧清理机制
- 更新音频文件生成路径至resources目录
- 改进macOS音频生成使用AIFF格式提高质量
- 添加详细的帧处理日志输出间隔配置

app/audio/generate.py

@@ -21,27 +21,27 @@ def generate_rep_audio_files(
 
     默认生成到：
 
-        app/audio/reps/0.wav
+        resources/audio/reps/0.aiff  # macOS
-        app/audio/reps/1.wav
+        resources/audio/reps/0.wav   # Windows / Linux
         ...
-        app/audio/reps/200.wav
+        resources/audio/reps/200.aiff 或 200.wav
 
     服务启动时调用一次即可。
     """
     output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    system = platform.system().lower()
+    suffix = ".aiff" if system == "darwin" else ".wav"
 
     missing_counts = [
         count
         for count in range(0, max_count + 1)
-        if overwrite or not _audio_path(output_dir, count).exists()
+        if overwrite or not _audio_path(output_dir, count, suffix=suffix).exists()
     ]
 
     if not missing_counts:
         logger.info("Rep audio files already prepared: {}", output_dir)
         return
 
-    system = platform.system().lower()
-
     logger.info(
         "Preparing rep audio files, system={}, count={}, output_dir={}",
         system,
@@ -79,22 +79,27 @@ def _generate_with_macos_say(
         raise RuntimeError("macOS say command not found")
 
     for count in counts:
-        audio_file = _audio_path(output_dir, count)
+        audio_file = _audio_path(output_dir, count, suffix=".aiff")
 
+        try:
             subprocess.run(
                 [
                     "say",
                     "-r",
                     str(rate),
-                "--file-format=WAVE",
+                    "--file-format=AIFF",
                     "-o",
                     str(audio_file),
                     str(count),
                 ],
                 stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                text=True,
                 check=True,
             )
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
+            message = exc.stderr.strip() or f"exit status {exc.returncode}"
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to generate {audio_file}: {message}") from exc
 
 
 def _generate_with_pyttsx3(
@@ -114,11 +119,11 @@ def _generate_with_pyttsx3(
     engine.setProperty("volume", 1.0)
 
     for count in counts:
-        audio_file = _audio_path(output_dir, count)
+        audio_file = _audio_path(output_dir, count, suffix=".wav")
         engine.save_to_file(str(count), str(audio_file))
 
     engine.runAndWait()
 
 
-def _audio_path(output_dir: Path, count: int) -> Path:
+def _audio_path(output_dir: Path, count: int, *, suffix: str) -> Path:
-    return output_dir / f"{count}.wav"
+    return output_dir / f"{count}{suffix}"

app/exercises/dead_bug/detector.py

@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ class DeadBugDetector:
         annotated = bgr_frame.copy()
 
         if pose_result is None or not pose_result.pose_landmarks:
+            self._state.mark_no_pose()
             result = DeadBugResult(
                 rep_count=self._state.rep_count,
                 phase=DeadBugPhase.NO_POSE,
@@ -125,6 +126,7 @@ class DeadBugDetector:
         draw_landmarks(annotated, landmarks, REQUIRED_LANDMARKS, visibility_threshold=self.visibility_threshold)
 
         if not has_required_visibility(landmarks, REQUIRED_LANDMARKS, self.visibility_threshold):
+            self._state.mark_no_pose()
             result = DeadBugResult(
                 rep_count=self._state.rep_count,
                 phase=DeadBugPhase.NO_POSE,

app/exercises/dead_bug/rules.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ def has_required_visibility(landmarks: list[Point], required_indices: tuple[int,
 
 
 def detect_diagonal_extension(metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> str | None:
-    """检测是否存在对角伸展（左臂+右腿 或 右臂+左腿）"""
+    """检测对角伸展（腿部只允许单侧伸展，手臂允许准备位上举带来的识别重叠）"""
     if metrics.left_leg_extended and metrics.right_leg_extended:
         return None
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def detect_diagonal_extension(metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> str | None:
 
 
 def is_ready_position(metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> bool:
-    """判断是否处于准备姿态（膝盖弯曲且四肢未伸展）"""
+    """判断是否处于准备姿态（双膝弯曲且双腿未伸展；dead bug 准备位允许手臂上举）"""
     knees_bent = metrics.left_knee_angle <= 140 and metrics.right_knee_angle <= 140
     legs_not_extended = not metrics.left_leg_extended and not metrics.right_leg_extended
-    return knees_bent and legs_not_extended and detect_diagonal_extension(metrics) is None
+    return knees_bent and legs_not_extended

app/exercises/dead_bug/state_machine.py

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from app.exercises.dead_bug.rules import detect_diagonal_extension, is_ready_position
 from app.exercises.dead_bug.types import DeadBugMetrics, DeadBugPhase, DeadBugResult
 
+_SMOOTHING_ALPHA = 0.45
+_TREND_DELTA_DEGREES = 1.5
+_SIDE_ANGLE_MARGIN = 10.0
+_EXTENSION_START_ANGLE = 125.0
+_EXTENSION_PEAK_ANGLE = 150.0
+_READY_KNEE_ANGLE = 140.0
+
 class DeadBugStateMachine:
     """死虫式动作状态机：管理READY/EXTENDING/NEED_RESET/NO_POSE状态转换"""
 
@@ -17,11 +24,26 @@ class DeadBugStateMachine:
         self._candidate_side: str | None = None
         self._candidate_frames = 0
         self._reset_frames = 0
+        self._smooth_left_knee_angle: float | None = None
+        self._smooth_right_knee_angle: float | None = None
+        self._left_knee_delta = 0.0
+        self._right_knee_delta = 0.0
+
+    def mark_no_pose(self) -> None:
+        """姿态丢失时清掉候选帧；已确认的半程动作保留，等待重新可见后完成回收。"""
+        if self.phase == DeadBugPhase.READY:
+            self.phase = DeadBugPhase.NO_POSE
+            self.active_side = None
+        self._candidate_side = None
+        self._candidate_frames = 0
+        self._reset_frames = 0
 
     def update(self, metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> DeadBugResult:
         """根据传入指标更新状态机并返回本次结果"""
-        side = detect_diagonal_extension(metrics)
+        self._update_knee_trends(metrics)
-        ready = is_ready_position(metrics)
+
+        side = self._detect_motion_side(metrics)
+        ready = self._is_stable_ready(metrics)
 
         if side is None:
             self._candidate_side = None
@@ -33,13 +55,16 @@ class DeadBugStateMachine:
             self._candidate_frames = 1
 
         if self.phase in (DeadBugPhase.READY, DeadBugPhase.NO_POSE):
+            if ready:
+                self.phase = DeadBugPhase.READY
             if self._candidate_frames >= self.extension_confirm_frames and side is not None:
                 self.phase = DeadBugPhase.EXTENDING
                 self.active_side = side
                 self._reset_frames = 0
         elif self.phase == DeadBugPhase.EXTENDING:
-            if side == self.active_side:
+            if ready or self._active_knee_retracting():
                 self.phase = DeadBugPhase.NEED_RESET
+                self._reset_frames = 1 if ready else 0
         elif self.phase == DeadBugPhase.NEED_RESET:
             if ready:
                 self._reset_frames += 1
@@ -54,21 +79,106 @@ class DeadBugStateMachine:
                 self._reset_frames = 0
 
         feedback = list(metrics.feedback)
-        if side is None and not ready:
+        display_side = detect_diagonal_extension(metrics)
+        if display_side is None and not ready:
             feedback.append("Extend opposite arm and leg only")
         if ready:
             feedback.append("Ready position")
-        elif side == "left_arm_right_leg":
+        elif display_side == "left_arm_right_leg":
             feedback.append("Left arm + right leg")
-        elif side == "right_arm_left_leg":
+        elif display_side == "right_arm_left_leg":
             feedback.append("Right arm + left leg")
 
-        is_standard = side is not None and not metrics.feedback
+        is_standard = display_side is not None and not metrics.feedback
         return DeadBugResult(
             rep_count=self.rep_count,
             phase=self.phase,
-            side=side,
+            side=display_side,
             is_standard=is_standard,
             feedback=feedback[:3],
             metrics=metrics,
         )
+
+    def _update_knee_trends(self, metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> None:
+        """更新平滑膝角和本帧变化量，用连续趋势抵消单帧抖动。"""
+        previous_left = self._smooth_left_knee_angle
+        previous_right = self._smooth_right_knee_angle
+
+        if previous_left is None:
+            self._smooth_left_knee_angle = metrics.left_knee_angle
+            self._left_knee_delta = 0.0
+        else:
+            self._smooth_left_knee_angle = (
+                _SMOOTHING_ALPHA * metrics.left_knee_angle
+                + (1.0 - _SMOOTHING_ALPHA) * previous_left
+            )
+            self._left_knee_delta = self._smooth_left_knee_angle - previous_left
+
+        if previous_right is None:
+            self._smooth_right_knee_angle = metrics.right_knee_angle
+            self._right_knee_delta = 0.0
+        else:
+            self._smooth_right_knee_angle = (
+                _SMOOTHING_ALPHA * metrics.right_knee_angle
+                + (1.0 - _SMOOTHING_ALPHA) * previous_right
+            )
+            self._right_knee_delta = self._smooth_right_knee_angle - previous_right
+
+    def _detect_motion_side(self, metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> str | None:
+        """基于膝角趋势推断正在伸展的对角侧，手臂只作为辅助校验。"""
+        raw_side = detect_diagonal_extension(metrics)
+        if raw_side is not None and self._side_has_extension_motion(raw_side):
+            return raw_side
+
+        left = self._smooth_left_knee_angle
+        right = self._smooth_right_knee_angle
+        if left is None or right is None:
+            return raw_side
+
+        both_legs_high = left >= _EXTENSION_PEAK_ANGLE and right >= _EXTENSION_PEAK_ANGLE
+        if both_legs_high and abs(left - right) < _SIDE_ANGLE_MARGIN:
+            return None
+
+        if (
+            right >= _EXTENSION_START_ANGLE
+            and right - left >= _SIDE_ANGLE_MARGIN
+            and (self._right_knee_delta >= _TREND_DELTA_DEGREES or right >= _EXTENSION_PEAK_ANGLE)
+        ):
+            return "left_arm_right_leg"
+        if (
+            left >= _EXTENSION_START_ANGLE
+            and left - right >= _SIDE_ANGLE_MARGIN
+            and (self._left_knee_delta >= _TREND_DELTA_DEGREES or left >= _EXTENSION_PEAK_ANGLE)
+        ):
+            return "right_arm_left_leg"
+        return raw_side
+
+    def _side_has_extension_motion(self, side: str) -> bool:
+        """确认对应腿处于伸展区或仍在伸展趋势中。"""
+        if side == "left_arm_right_leg":
+            angle = self._smooth_right_knee_angle
+            delta = self._right_knee_delta
+        else:
+            angle = self._smooth_left_knee_angle
+            delta = self._left_knee_delta
+        if angle is None:
+            return True
+        return angle >= _EXTENSION_PEAK_ANGLE or (
+            angle >= _EXTENSION_START_ANGLE and delta >= _TREND_DELTA_DEGREES
+        )
+
+    def _is_stable_ready(self, metrics: DeadBugMetrics) -> bool:
+        """准备位需要双腿回到屈膝区域；使用平滑膝角避免单帧阈值跳变。"""
+        left = self._smooth_left_knee_angle
+        right = self._smooth_right_knee_angle
+        if left is None or right is None:
+            return is_ready_position(metrics)
+        return left <= _READY_KNEE_ANGLE and right <= _READY_KNEE_ANGLE
+
+    def _active_knee_retracting(self) -> bool:
+        """确认已伸展的那条腿开始回收。"""
+        if self.active_side == "left_arm_right_leg":
+            return self._right_knee_delta <= -_TREND_DELTA_DEGREES
+        if self.active_side == "right_arm_left_leg":
+            return self._left_knee_delta <= -_TREND_DELTA_DEGREES
+        return False

app/webrtc/video_receiver.py

@@ -33,7 +33,12 @@ class VideoReceiver:
 
     async def run(self) -> None:
         """持续接收视频帧并进行姿态检测、渲染和语音播报"""
-        logger.info("Start receiving video frames, process_every_n={}", config.video.process_every_n_frames)
+        log_every_n_frames = max(1, config.video.log_every_n_frames)
+        logger.info(
+            "Start receiving video frames, process_every_n={}, log_every_n={}",
+            config.video.process_every_n_frames,
+            log_every_n_frames,
+        )
 
         frame_count = 0
         processed_count = 0
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ class VideoReceiver:
                 display_img = last_annotated if last_annotated is not None else raw_img
                 show_frame(display_img)
 
-                if frame_count % 100 == 0:
+                if frame_count % log_every_n_frames == 0:
                     logger.info(
                         "Received {} frames, processed={}, raw_shape={}, reps={}, phase={}, feedback={}, {}",
                         frame_count,

config.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ server:
   max_ws_size: 10485760   # 10 MB
 
 video:
-  process_every_n_frames: 1
+  process_every_n_frames: 2
+  log_every_n_frames: 2
 
 model:
   path: "./pose_models/pose_landmarker_full.task"

configs/models.py

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ class ServerConfig:
 @dataclass
 class VideoConfig:
     """视频帧处理配置"""
-    process_every_n_frames: int = 1
+    process_every_n_frames: int = 2
+    log_every_n_frames: int = 2
 
 
 @dataclass

tests/test_dead_bug_rules.py

@@ -49,6 +49,28 @@ class TestDeadBugRules:
         )
         assert detect_diagonal_extension(metrics) == "left_arm_right_leg"
 
+    def test_detect_diagonal_extension_allows_ready_arm_overlap(self):
+        """测试：准备位双臂上举时，单腿对侧伸展仍应识别"""
+        metrics = DeadBugMetrics(
+            left_arm_extended=True, right_arm_extended=True,
+            left_leg_extended=False, right_leg_extended=True,
+            left_elbow_angle=160, right_elbow_angle=160,
+            left_knee_angle=90, right_knee_angle=160,
+            feedback=[],
+        )
+        assert detect_diagonal_extension(metrics) == "left_arm_right_leg"
+
+    def test_detect_diagonal_extension_rejects_both_legs(self):
+        """测试：双腿同时伸展不应识别为可计数对角伸展"""
+        metrics = DeadBugMetrics(
+            left_arm_extended=True, right_arm_extended=True,
+            left_leg_extended=True, right_leg_extended=True,
+            left_elbow_angle=160, right_elbow_angle=160,
+            left_knee_angle=160, right_knee_angle=160,
+            feedback=[],
+        )
+        assert detect_diagonal_extension(metrics) is None
+
     def test_is_ready_position(self):
         """测试：膝盖弯曲且四肢收缩应识别为准备姿态"""
         metrics = DeadBugMetrics(
@@ -60,6 +82,17 @@ class TestDeadBugRules:
         )
         assert is_ready_position(metrics)
 
+    def test_is_ready_allows_arms_extended(self):
+        """测试：dead bug 准备位允许双臂上举"""
+        metrics = DeadBugMetrics(
+            left_arm_extended=True, right_arm_extended=True,
+            left_leg_extended=False, right_leg_extended=False,
+            left_elbow_angle=160, right_elbow_angle=160,
+            left_knee_angle=100, right_knee_angle=100,
+            feedback=[],
+        )
+        assert is_ready_position(metrics)
+
     def test_is_not_ready_legs_extended(self):
         """测试：腿部伸展时不识别为准备姿态"""
         metrics = DeadBugMetrics(

tests/test_dead_bug_state_machine.py

@@ -26,6 +26,36 @@ class TestDeadBugStateMachine:
             feedback=[],
         )
 
+    def _both_legs_extended(self) -> DeadBugMetrics:
+        """构建双腿同时伸展的非标准姿态"""
+        return DeadBugMetrics(
+            left_arm_extended=True, right_arm_extended=True,
+            left_leg_extended=True, right_leg_extended=True,
+            left_elbow_angle=160, right_elbow_angle=160,
+            left_knee_angle=160, right_knee_angle=160,
+            feedback=[],
+        )
+
+    def _arms_extended_ready_legs(self) -> DeadBugMetrics:
+        """构建腿已收回但手臂未收回的姿态"""
+        return DeadBugMetrics(
+            left_arm_extended=True, right_arm_extended=True,
+            left_leg_extended=False, right_leg_extended=False,
+            left_elbow_angle=160, right_elbow_angle=160,
+            left_knee_angle=100, right_knee_angle=100,
+            feedback=[],
+        )
+
+    def _right_knee_angle(self, angle: float) -> DeadBugMetrics:
+        """构建右膝角连续变化但伸展布尔值尚未稳定的姿态"""
+        return DeadBugMetrics(
+            left_arm_extended=True, right_arm_extended=True,
+            left_leg_extended=False, right_leg_extended=False,
+            left_elbow_angle=160, right_elbow_angle=160,
+            left_knee_angle=90, right_knee_angle=angle,
+            feedback=[],
+        )
+
     def test_initial_state(self):
         """测试：状态机初始化后应为READY且计数为0"""
         sm = DeadBugStateMachine()
@@ -46,3 +76,58 @@ class TestDeadBugStateMachine:
         assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.READY
         sm.update(self._extended_left())
         assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.EXTENDING
+
+    def test_confirm_extension_from_knee_angle_trend(self):
+        """测试：膝角连续上升时，不依赖单帧伸展布尔值也能确认伸展"""
+        sm = DeadBugStateMachine(extension_confirm_frames=2, reset_confirm_frames=2)
+
+        sm.update(self._right_knee_angle(100))
+        sm.update(self._right_knee_angle(130))
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.READY
+        sm.update(self._right_knee_angle(145))
+        sm.update(self._right_knee_angle(150))
+
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.EXTENDING
+
+    def test_full_rep_counts_once_after_strict_reset(self):
+        """测试：确认伸展后，只有严格回到准备姿态才计一次"""
+        sm = DeadBugStateMachine(extension_confirm_frames=2, reset_confirm_frames=2)
+
+        sm.update(self._extended_left())
+        sm.update(self._extended_left())
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.EXTENDING
+
+        sm.update(self._arms_extended_ready_legs())
+        assert sm.rep_count == 0
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.NEED_RESET
+
+        sm.update(self._ready_metrics())
+        result = sm.update(self._ready_metrics())
+        assert result.rep_count == 1
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.READY
+
+        result = sm.update(self._ready_metrics())
+        assert result.rep_count == 1
+
+    def test_both_legs_do_not_start_rep(self):
+        """测试：双腿同时伸展不进入计数流程"""
+        sm = DeadBugStateMachine(extension_confirm_frames=2, reset_confirm_frames=2)
+        sm.update(self._both_legs_extended())
+        result = sm.update(self._both_legs_extended())
+
+        assert result.rep_count == 0
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.READY
+
+    def test_no_pose_preserves_confirmed_rep_until_reset(self):
+        """测试：已确认伸展后短暂丢姿态，回到准备位仍能完成计数"""
+        sm = DeadBugStateMachine(extension_confirm_frames=2, reset_confirm_frames=2)
+        sm.update(self._extended_left())
+        sm.update(self._extended_left())
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.EXTENDING
+
+        sm.mark_no_pose()
+        sm.update(self._ready_metrics())
+        result = sm.update(self._ready_metrics())
+
+        assert result.rep_count == 1
+        assert sm.phase == DeadBugPhase.READY