Update SinglyLinkedListTest.java

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <<<<<<< HEAD
 ### IntelliJ IDEA ###
 out/
+/target/
 !**/src/main/**/out/
 !**/src/test/**/out/
 
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ bin/
 *.tar.gz
 *.rar
 .idea/*
+Solution.iml
 
 # virtual machine crash logs, see http://www.java.com/en/download/help/error_hotspot.xml
 hs_err_pid*

.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
-    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
-  </component>
-</project>

.idea/workspace.xml

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="AutoImportSettings">
-    <option name="autoReloadType" value="SELECTIVE" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="ChangeListManager">
-    <list default="true" id="45f625e1-36c7-4942-8f7c-ba3ebe9a7d53" name="变更" comment="">
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/misc.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/misc.xml" afterDir="false" />
-    </list>
-    <option name="SHOW_DIALOG" value="false" />
-    <option name="HIGHLIGHT_CONFLICTS" value="true" />
-    <option name="HIGHLIGHT_NON_ACTIVE_CHANGELIST" value="false" />
-    <option name="LAST_RESOLUTION" value="IGNORE" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="FileTemplateManagerImpl">
-    <option name="RECENT_TEMPLATES">
-      <list>
-        <option value="Class" />
-      </list>
-    </option>
-  </component>
-  <component name="Git.Settings">
-    <option name="RECENT_GIT_ROOT_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="MarkdownSettingsMigration">
-    <option name="stateVersion" value="1" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="ProjectId" id="2Uvat6WoxeDXNA4JCjbald5NvRW" />
-  <component name="ProjectLevelVcsManager" settingsEditedManually="true" />
-  <component name="ProjectViewState">
-    <option name="hideEmptyMiddlePackages" value="true" />
-    <option name="showLibraryContents" value="true" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="PropertiesComponent"><![CDATA[{
-  "keyToString": {
-    "RunOnceActivity.OpenProjectViewOnStart": "true",
-    "RunOnceActivity.ShowReadmeOnStart": "true",
-    "WebServerToolWindowFactoryState": "false",
-    "ignore.virus.scanning.warn.message": "true",
-    "last_opened_file_path": "C:/Users/wangh/Desktop/code/java/Solution",
-    "node.js.detected.package.eslint": "true",
-    "node.js.detected.package.tslint": "true",
-    "node.js.selected.package.eslint": "(autodetect)",
-    "node.js.selected.package.tslint": "(autodetect)",
-    "nodejs_package_manager_path": "npm",
-    "project.structure.last.edited": "模块",
-    "project.structure.proportion": "0.0",
-    "project.structure.side.proportion": "0.0",
-    "settings.editor.selected.configurable": "preferences.lookFeel",
-    "vue.rearranger.settings.migration": "true"
-  }
-}]]></component>
-  <component name="RunManager">
-    <configuration name="test" type="Application" factoryName="Application" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
-      <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="solution.test" />
-      <module name="Solution" />
-      <extension name="coverage">
-        <pattern>
-          <option name="PATTERN" value="solution.*" />
-          <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-        </pattern>
-      </extension>
-      <method v="2">
-        <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
-      </method>
-    </configuration>
-    <recent_temporary>
-      <list>
-        <item itemvalue="应用程序.test" />
-      </list>
-    </recent_temporary>
-  </component>
-  <component name="SpellCheckerSettings" RuntimeDictionaries="0" Folders="0" CustomDictionaries="0" DefaultDictionary="应用程序级" UseSingleDictionary="true" transferred="true" />
-  <component name="TaskManager">
-    <task active="true" id="Default" summary="默认任务">
-      <changelist id="45f625e1-36c7-4942-8f7c-ba3ebe9a7d53" name="变更" comment="" />
-      <created>1693822719192</created>
-      <option name="number" value="Default" />
-      <option name="presentableId" value="Default" />
-      <updated>1693822719192</updated>
-      <workItem from="1693822720224" duration="5742000" />
-      <workItem from="1693895305007" duration="5358000" />
-      <workItem from="1693900694533" duration="6345000" />
-      <workItem from="1693971038966" duration="302000" />
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-    <servers />
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-  <component name="TypeScriptGeneratedFilesManager">
-    <option name="version" value="3" />
-  </component>
-</project>

README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-# solution.Solution
+# main.practice.Solution
 

Solution.iml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
-    <exclude-output />
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
-    </content>
-    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
-    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-  </component>
-</module>

pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.nbee</groupId>
+    <artifactId>solution</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
+            <version>5.8.2</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>junit</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+            <version>4.13.1</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <build>
+        <pluginManagement>
+            <plugins>
+                <plugin>
+                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.8.1</version>
+                    <configuration>
+                        <source>17</source>
+                        <target>17</target>
+                    </configuration>
+                </plugin>
+            </plugins>
+        </pluginManagement>
+    </build>
+</project>

src/main/java/com/nbee/solution/practice/BinarySearch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.practice;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+class BinarySearch {
+    public static int binarySearchBasic(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;//设置指针和初始值
+        while (i <= j) {//此处的条件是i<=j，而不是i<j，
+//            int m = ((i + j) / 2);
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1; //按位右移补零操作符。相当于除2，解决溢出问题
+            if (target < nums[m]) {//如果中间值大于目标值，则将右指针向左移动
+                j = m - 1;
+            } else if (nums[m] < target) {//如果中间值小于目标值，则将左指针向右移动
+                i = m + 1;
+            } else {
+                return m;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+        /**
+         * 为什么必须是i<=j?
+         * 在二分搜索中，使用条件 i <= j 作为循环的继续条件是为了确保在数组只剩下一个元素时，仍然能够检查这个元素。这是因为在二分搜索中
+         * 你每次都在缩小搜索范围，直到没有元素剩余。如果用 i < j 作为条件，当 i 和 j 相等时，这个位置的元素将不会被检查，可能导致漏掉目标元素。
+         */
+    }
+
+
+    public static int binarySearchAlternative(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length;
+        while (i < j) {
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1;
+            if (target < nums[m]) {
+                j = m;
+            } else if (nums[m] < target) {
+                i = m + 1;
+            } else {
+                return m;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public static int binarySearch01(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length;
+        while (1 < j - i) {
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1;
+            if (target < nums[m]) {
+                j = m;
+            } else {
+                i = m;
+            }
+        }
+        if (nums[i] == target) {
+            return i;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int binarySearchLeftMost(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;
+        int candidate = -1;
+        while (i <= j) {
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1;
+            if (target < nums[m]) {
+                j = m - 1;
+            } else if (nums[m] < target) {
+                i = m + 1;
+            } else {
+                candidate = m;
+                j = m - 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return candidate;
+    }
+
+    public static int binarySearchRightMost(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;
+        int candidate = -1;
+        while (i <= j) {
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1;
+            if (target < nums[m]) {
+                j = m - 1;
+            } else if (nums[m] < target) {
+                i = m + 1;
+            } else {
+                candidate = m;
+                i = m + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return candidate;
+    }
+
+    //改进二分查找
+    public static int binarySearchLeftMost0(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;
+        while (i <= j) {
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1;
+            if (target < nums[m]) {
+                j = m - 1;
+            } else {
+                i = m + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    public static int binarySearchRightMost0(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;
+        while (i <= j) {
+            int m = (i + j) >>> 1;
+            if (target < nums[m]) {
+                j = m - 1;
+            } else {
+                i = m + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return i - 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给你一个按照非递减顺序排列的整数数组 nums，和一个目标值 target。请你找出给定目标值在数组中的开始位置和结束位置。
+     * 如果数组中不存在目标值 target，返回 [-1, -1]。
+     * 你必须设计并实现时间复杂度为 O(log n) 的算法解决此问题。
+     *
+     * @param nums
+     * @param target
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
+        if (nums.length == 0){
+            return new int[]{-1,-1};
+        }
+        if (nums.length == 1){
+            return new int[]{0,0};
+        }
+        int left = binarySearchLeftMost(nums, target);
+        int right = binarySearchRightMost(nums,target);
+        return new int[]{left,right};
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/nbee/solution/practice/DynamicArray.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.practice;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+public class DynamicArray implements Iterable<Integer> {
+    private int size = 0;
+    private int capacity = 8;
+    private int[] array = {};
+
+    public void addList(int element) {
+        add(size, element);
+    }
+
+    public void add(int index, int element) {
+        checkAndGrow();
+        if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        }
+        if (index >= 0 && index < size) {
+            System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+        }
+        array[index] = element;
+        size++;
+    }
+
+    private void checkAndGrow() {
+        if (size == 0) {
+            array = new int[capacity];
+        } else if (size == capacity) {
+            capacity = capacity + (capacity >>> 1);
+            int[] newArray = new int[capacity];
+            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
+            array = newArray;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getSize() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    public int get(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        }
+        return array[index];
+    }
+
+    public void forEach0(Consumer<Integer> consumer) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            consumer.accept(array[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Integer>() {
+            int i = 0;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return i < size;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Integer next() {
+                return array[i++];
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public IntStream stream() {
+        return IntStream.of(Arrays.copyOfRange(array, 0, size));
+    }
+
+    public int remove(int index) {
+        int removed = array[index];
+        if (index < size - 1) {
+            System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+            size--;
+        }
+        return removed;
+    }
+    public String toString() {
+        return Arrays.toString(Arrays.copyOfRange(array, 0, size));
+    }
+}
+

src/main/java/com/nbee/solution/practice/SinglyLinkedList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.practice;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+/**
+ * 链表类
+ */
+public class SinglyLinkedList implements Iterable<Integer> {
+    private Node head;
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Integer>() {
+            Node p = head;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return p != null;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Integer next() {
+                int value = p.value;
+                p = p.next;
+                return value;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Node findLast() {
+        if (head == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Node p;
+        for (p = head; p != null; p = p.next) {
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    public void addLast(int value) {
+        Node last = findLast();
+        if (last == null){
+            addFirst(value);
+            return;
+        }
+        last.next = new Node(value, null);
+    }
+
+    private static class Node {
+        int value;
+        Node next;
+
+        Node(int value, Node next) {
+            this.value = value;
+            this.next = next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addFirst(int value) {
+        //链表为空
+//        head = new Node(value,null);
+        //链表非空，包含了链表为空的情况
+        head = new Node(value, head);
+    }
+
+    public void loop(Consumer<Integer> consumer) {
+        Node p = head;
+        while (p != null) {
+            consumer.accept(p.value);
+            p = p.next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void loop0(Consumer<Integer> consumer) {
+        for (Node p = head; p != null; p = p.next) {
+            consumer.accept(p.value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+

src/main/java/com/nbee/solution/solution/ListNode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.solution;
+
+public class ListNode {
+    int val;
+    ListNode next;
+
+    ListNode() {
+    }
+
+    ListNode(int val) {
+        this.val = val;
+    }
+
+    ListNode(int val, ListNode next) {
+        this.val = val;
+        this.next = next;
+    }
+}
+
+

src/main/java/com/nbee/solution/solution/Solution.java

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.solution;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class Solution {
+
+    //给定一个字符串 s ，找出其中不含有重复字符的 最长子串 的长度。
+    public static int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
+        // 哈希集合，记录每个字符是否出现过
+        Set<Character> occ = new HashSet<Character>();
+        int n = s.length();
+        // 右指针，初始值为 -1，相当于我们在字符串的左边界的左侧，还没有开始移动
+        int rk = -1, ans = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            if (i != 0) {
+                // 左指针向右移动一格，移除一个字符
+                occ.remove(s.charAt(i - 1));
+            }
+            while (rk + 1 < n && !occ.contains(s.charAt(rk + 1))) {
+                // 不断地移动右指针
+                occ.add(s.charAt(rk + 1));
+                ++rk;
+            }
+            // 第 i 到 rk 个字符是一个极长的无重复字符子串
+            ans = Math.max(ans, rk - i + 1);
+        }
+        return ans;
+    }
+    //计算最大价格
+    public static int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
+        if (prices == null || prices.length == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        int minPrice = prices[0];
+        int maxProfit = 0;
+
+        for (int price : prices) {
+            // 更新最小价格
+            minPrice = Math.min(minPrice, price);
+
+            // 计算当前价格的潜在利润并更新最大利润
+            int potentialProfit = price - minPrice;
+            maxProfit = Math.max(maxProfit, potentialProfit);
+        }
+
+        return maxProfit;
+    }
+
+
+    //哈希映射算法(Hash Mapping Algorithm)用于找出一个数组中的众数(majority element)
+    public static int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
+        Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
+        // maxNum 表示元素，maxCount 表示元素出现的次数
+        int maxNum = 0, maxCount = 0;
+        for (int num: nums) {
+            int count = map.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1;
+            map.put(num, count);
+            if (count > maxCount) {
+                maxCount = count;
+                maxNum = num;
+            }
+        }
+        return maxNum;
+    }
+    //摩尔投票算法(Boyer-Moore Voting Algorithm)来找出数组中的众数
+    public static int majorityElement1(int[] nums) {
+        int candidate = nums[0], count = 1;
+        for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; ++i) {
+            if (count == 0) {
+                candidate = nums[i];
+                count = 1;
+            } else if (nums[i] == candidate) {
+                count++;
+            } else{
+                count--;
+            }
+        }
+        return candidate;
+    }
+    //合并数组冒泡排序实现
+    public static void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
+        System.arraycopy(nums2, 0, nums1, m, n);
+        // 冒泡排序
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums1.length; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nums1.length; j++) {
+                if (i != j) {
+                    if (nums1[i] < nums1[j]){
+                        int temp = nums1[i];
+                        nums1[i] = nums1[j];
+                        nums1[j] = temp;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        String result = Arrays.stream(nums1).mapToObj(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "[", "]"));
+        System.out.println(result);
+    }
+
+//    public static String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
+//        int index = 0;
+//        StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder();
+//        if (strs != null){
+//            for (int k = 0; k < strs[0].length(); k++) {
+//                char indexChar = strs[0].charAt(index);
+//                if (strs.length == 1){
+//                    return strs[0];
+//                }
+//                for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; i++) {
+//                    if (strs[i] != ""){
+//                        for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) {
+//                            if (index >= strs[i].length()){
+//                                return String.valueOf(temp);
+//                            }
+//                            char crrChar = strs[i].charAt(index);
+//                            if (indexChar != crrChar){
+//                                return String.valueOf(temp);
+//                            }
+//                            if (i == strs.length- 1){
+//                                temp.append(crrChar);
+//                                index++;
+//                            }
+//                        }
+//                    } else {
+//                        return "";
+//                    }
+//                }
+//            }
+//            return String.valueOf(temp);
+//        }
+//        return "";
+//    }
+
+    /**
+     * 编写一个函数来查找字符串数组中的最长公共前缀。
+     * 如果不存在公共前缀，返回空字符串 ""。
+     * @param strs 数组
+     * @return 最长公共前缀
+     */
+    public static String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
+        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        int length = strs[0].length();
+        int count = strs.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            char c = strs[0].charAt(i);
+            for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
+                if (i == strs[j].length() || strs[j].charAt(i) != c) {
+                    return strs[0].substring(0, i);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return strs[0];
+    }
+    /**
+    给你一个数组 nums 和一个值 val，你需要 原地 移除所有数值等于 val 的元素，并返回移除后数组的新长度。
+    不要使用额外的数组空间，你必须仅使用 O(1) 额外空间并 原地 修改输入数组。
+    元素的顺序可以改变。你不需要考虑数组中超出新长度后面的元素。
+     */
+    public static int removeElement(int[] nums, int val) {
+        int i = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < nums.length; j++) {
+            if (nums[j] != val) {
+                nums[i] = nums[j];
+                i++;
+            }
+        }
+        return i;
+    }
+    /**
+     * 给你一个 升序排列 的数组 nums ，请你 原地 删除重复出现的元素，使每个元素 只出现一次 ，返回删除后数组的新长度。
+     * 元素的 相对顺序 应该保持 一致 。然后返回 nums 中唯一元素的个数。
+     */
+    public static int removeDuplicates(int[] nums) {
+        if (nums.length == 0) return 0;
+        int i = 1;  // 从第二个元素开始检查
+        for (int j = 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
+            if (nums[j] != nums[j - 1]) {
+                nums[i] = nums[j];
+                i++;
+            }
+        }
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给你一个非负整数数组 nums ，你最初位于数组的 第一个下标 。数组中的每个元素代表你在该位置可以跳跃的最大长度。
+     * 判断你是否能够到达最后一个下标，如果可以，返回 true ；否则，返回 false 。
+     * @param nums
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static boolean canJump(int[] nums) {
+        int maxReach = 0; // 初始化最远可到达的位置为0
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            if (i > maxReach) {
+                // 如果当前索引超过了最远可到达的位置，说明无法到达终点
+                return false;
+            }
+            // 更新最远可到达的位置
+            maxReach = Math.max(maxReach, i + nums[i]);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 将两个升序链表合并为一个新的 升序 链表并返回。新链表是通过拼接给定的两个链表的所有节点组成的。 
+     * @param list1
+     * @param list2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode list1, ListNode list2) {
+        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
+        ListNode current  = dummy;
+        while (list1 != null && list2 != null) {
+            if (list1.val < list2.val) {
+                current.next = list1;
+                list1 = list1.next;
+            } else {
+                current.next = list2;
+                list2 = list2.next;
+            }
+            current = current.next;
+        }
+        if (list1 != null){
+            current.next = list1;
+        } else if (list2 != null){
+            current.next = list2;
+        }
+        return dummy.next;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *给你两个字符串 haystack 和 needle ，请你在 haystack 字符串中找出 needle 字符串的第一个匹配项的下标（下标从 0 开始）。如果 needle 不是 haystack 的一部分，则返回  -1 。
+     * @param haystack
+     * @param needle
+     * @return
+     */
+
+    public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
+        if (needle.isEmpty()) return -1;
+        return haystack.indexOf(needle);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给定一个排序数组和一个目标值，在数组中找到目标值，并返回其索引。如果目标值不存在于数组中，返回它将会被按顺序插入的位置。
+     *
+     * 请必须使用时间复杂度为 O(log n) 的算法。
+     * @param nums
+     * @param target
+     * @return
+     */
+    public int searchInsert(int[] nums, int target) {
+        if (nums.length == 0) return 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            if (nums[i] >= target) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return nums.length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给你一个字符串 s，由若干单词组成，单词前后用一些空格字符隔开。返回字符串中 最后一个 单词的长度。
+     *
+     * 单词 是指仅由字母组成、不包含任何空格字符的最大子字符串。
+     * @param s
+     * @return
+     */
+    public int lengthOfLastWord(String s) {
+        if (s.isEmpty()) return 0;
+        for (int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (s.charAt(i) != ' ') {
+                int count = 0;
+                while (i >= 0 && s.charAt(i) != ' ') {
+                    count++;
+                    i--;
+                }
+                return count;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给定一个由 整数 组成的 非空 数组所表示的非负整数，在该数的基础上加一。
+     *
+     * 最高位数字存放在数组的首位， 数组中每个元素只存储单个数字。
+     *
+     * 你可以假设除了整数 0 之外，这个整数不会以零开头。
+     * @param digits
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static int[] plusOne(int[] digits) {
+        int n = digits.length;
+
+        // 从数组的最后一位开始处理进位
+        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (digits[i] < 9) {
+                digits[i]++;
+                return digits;
+            }
+            // 如果当前位是9，则将其置为0
+            digits[i] = 0;
+        }
+
+        // 如果所有的数字都是9，那么会到这里
+        // 创建一个新的数组，其长度比原数组多1
+        int[] newNumber = new int[n + 1];
+        newNumber[0] = 1;
+
+        return newNumber;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给你两个二进制字符串 a 和 b ，以二进制字符串的形式返回它们的和。
+     *
+     * 输入为 非空 字符串且只包含数字 1 和 0。
+     * @param a
+     * @param b
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static String addBinary(String a, String b) {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); // 用于存储结果
+        int carry = 0; // 进位
+        int i = a.length() - 1, j = b.length() - 1; // 指向字符串a和b的最后一位
+
+        // 当i或j在范围内，或有进位时，继续循环
+        while (i >= 0 || j >= 0 || carry == 1) {
+            int sum = carry; // 当前位的和，初始为进位
+
+            // 如果i在范围内，加上a的当前位
+            if (i >= 0) {
+                sum += a.charAt(i) - '0'; // 将字符转换为数字
+                i--; // 移动到下一位
+            }
+
+            // 如果j在范围内，加上b的当前位
+            if (j >= 0) {
+                sum += b.charAt(j) - '0'; // 将字符转换为数字
+                j--; // 移动到下一位
+            }
+
+            result.append(sum % 2); // 当前位的结果
+            carry = sum / 2; // 更新进位
+        }
+
+        return result.reverse().toString(); // 反转结果并返回
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *给你一个非负整数 x ，计算并返回 x 的 算术平方根 。
+     * 由于返回类型是整数，结果只保留 整数部分 ，小数部分将被 舍去 。
+     * 注意：不允许使用任何内置指数函数和算符，例如 pow(x, 0.5) 或者 x ** 0.5 。
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static int mySqrt(int x) {
+        if (x < 2){
+            return x;
+        }
+        long guess = x / 2;
+        while (guess * guess > x){
+            guess = (guess + x/guess)/2;
+        }
+        return (int) guess;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 假设你正在爬楼梯。需要 n 阶你才能到达楼顶。
+     * 每次你可以爬 1 或 2 个台阶。你有多少种不同的方法可以爬到楼顶呢？
+     * @param n
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static int climbStairs(int n) {
+        if(n < 3)return n;
+        int dp[]=new int[n+1];
+        dp[1]=1;
+        dp[2]=2;
+        for(int i=3;i<n+1;i++) {
+            dp[i]=dp[i-1]+dp[i-2];
+        }
+        return dp[n];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 给定一个已排序的链表的头 head ， 删除所有重复的元素，使每个元素只出现一次 。返回 已排序的链表 。
+     * @param head
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static ListNode deleteDuplicates(ListNode head) {
+        ListNode current = head;
+        while (current!= null && current.next != null){
+            if (current.val == current.next.val){
+                current.next = current.next.next;
+            }else {
+                current = current.next;
+            }
+        }
+        return head;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/nbee/solution/solution/test.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.solution;
+
+
+public class test {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        ListNode head = new ListNode(1);
+        head.next = new ListNode(1);
+        head.next.next = new ListNode(1);
+        head.next.next.next = new ListNode(2);
+
+        ListNode result = Solution.deleteDuplicates(head);
+        System.out.println(result.toString());
+    }
+}

src/solution/Solution.java

@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-package solution;
-
-import java.util.*;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
-public class Solution {
-
-    //给定一个字符串 s ，找出其中不含有重复字符的 最长子串 的长度。
-    public static int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
-        // 哈希集合，记录每个字符是否出现过
-        Set<Character> occ = new HashSet<Character>();
-        int n = s.length();
-        // 右指针，初始值为 -1，相当于我们在字符串的左边界的左侧，还没有开始移动
-        int rk = -1, ans = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-            if (i != 0) {
-                // 左指针向右移动一格，移除一个字符
-                occ.remove(s.charAt(i - 1));
-            }
-            while (rk + 1 < n && !occ.contains(s.charAt(rk + 1))) {
-                // 不断地移动右指针
-                occ.add(s.charAt(rk + 1));
-                ++rk;
-            }
-            // 第 i 到 rk 个字符是一个极长的无重复字符子串
-            ans = Math.max(ans, rk - i + 1);
-        }
-        return ans;
-    }
-    //计算最大价格
-    public static int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
-        if (prices == null || prices.length == 0) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        int minPrice = prices[0];
-        int maxProfit = 0;
-
-        for (int price : prices) {
-            // 更新最小价格
-            minPrice = Math.min(minPrice, price);
-
-            // 计算当前价格的潜在利润并更新最大利润
-            int potentialProfit = price - minPrice;
-            maxProfit = Math.max(maxProfit, potentialProfit);
-        }
-
-        return maxProfit;
-    }
-
-
-    //哈希映射算法（Hash Mapping Algorithm）用于找出一个数组中的众数（majority element）
-    public static int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
-        Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
-        // maxNum 表示元素，maxCount 表示元素出现的次数
-        int maxNum = 0, maxCount = 0;
-        for (int num: nums) {
-            int count = map.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1;
-            map.put(num, count);
-            if (count > maxCount) {
-                maxCount = count;
-                maxNum = num;
-            }
-        }
-        return maxNum;
-    }
-    //摩尔投票算法（Boyer-Moore Voting Algorithm）来找出数组中的众数
-    public static int majorityElement1(int[] nums) {
-        int candidate = nums[0], count = 1;
-        for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; ++i) {
-            if (count == 0) {
-                candidate = nums[i];
-                count = 1;
-            } else if (nums[i] == candidate) {
-                count++;
-            } else{
-                count--;
-            }
-        }
-        return candidate;
-    }
-    //合并数组冒泡排序实现
-    public static void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
-        int[] nums= new int[m + n];
-        for (int i = 0; i < m + n; i++) {
-            if (i < m){
-                nums[i] = nums1[i];
-            } else {
-                nums[i] = nums2[i - m];
-            }
-        }
-        // 冒泡排序
-        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < nums.length; j++) {
-                if (i != j) {
-                    if (nums[i] < nums[j]){
-                        int temp = nums[i];
-                        nums[i] = nums[j];
-                        nums[j] = temp;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        nums1 = nums;
-        String result = Arrays.stream(nums1).mapToObj(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "[", "]"));
-        System.out.println(result);
-    }
-}

src/solution/test.java

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package solution;
-
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
-public class test {
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        int[] nums1 = new int[]{1,2,3,0,0,0};
-        int m = 3;
-        int[] nums2 = new int[]{2,5,6};
-        int n = 3;
-//        int[] nums1 = new int[]{1};
-//        int m = 1;
-//        int[] nums2 = new int[]{};
-//        int n = 0;
-        Solution.merge(nums1,m,nums2,n);
-    }
-}

src/test/java/com/nbee/solution/practice/BinarySearchTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.practice;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+public class BinarySearchTest {
+    private int[] nums = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchBasic_Found() {
+        int[] nums = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13};
+        int target = 5;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchBasic(nums, target);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Element should be found at index 2", 2, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchBasic_NotFound() {
+        int[] nums = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
+        int target = 4;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchBasic(nums, target);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Element should not be found", -1, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchBasic_EmptyArray() {
+        int[] nums = {};
+        int target = 1;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchBasic(nums, target);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Element should not be found in an empty array", -1, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchBasic_SingleElementArray() {
+        int[] nums = {1};
+        int target = 1;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchBasic(nums, target);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Element should be found at index 0", 0, result);
+
+        target = 2;
+        result = BinarySearch.binarySearchBasic(nums, target);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Element should not be found", -1, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchBasic_DecreasingArray() {
+        int[] nums = {9, 7, 5, 3, 1};
+        int target = 5;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchBasic(nums, target);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Binary search should work on decreasing arrays", 2, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchAlternativeFound() {
+        // Test that the method correctly returns the index of an existing element
+        int target = 7;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchAlternative(nums, target);
+        assertEquals(3, result, "The target should be found at index 3");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchAlternativeNotFound() {
+        // Test that the method correctly returns -1 when the element is not present
+        int target = 4;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchAlternative(nums, target);
+        assertEquals(-1, result, "The target should not be found");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchAlternativeWithEmptyArray() {
+        // Test with an empty array
+        int[] emptyNums = new int[]{};
+        int target = 1;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchAlternative(emptyNums, target);
+        assertEquals(-1, result, "The target should not be found in an empty array");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchAlternativeWithSingleElement() {
+        // Test with a single element array
+        int[] singleNums = new int[]{5};
+        int target = 5;
+        int result = BinarySearch.binarySearchAlternative(singleNums, target);
+        assertEquals(0, result, "The target should be found at index 0 in a single-element array");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Test Binary Search Java")
+    public void testBinarySearchJava() {
+        int[] nums = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
+        int target = 4;
+        int result = Arrays.binarySearch(nums, target);
+        if (result < 0) {
+            int insertIndex = Math.abs(result + 1);
+            System.out.println("nums: " + Arrays.toString(nums));
+            System.out.println("insertIndex: " + insertIndex);
+            int[] newNums = new int[nums.length + 1];
+            //第一次拷贝
+            System.arraycopy(nums, 0, newNums, 0, nums.length);
+            System.out.println("newNums: " + Arrays.toString(newNums));
+            newNums[insertIndex] = target;
+            // 第二次拷贝
+            System.arraycopy(nums, insertIndex, newNums, insertIndex + 1, nums.length - insertIndex);
+            System.out.println("newNums: " + Arrays.toString(newNums));
+        }
+        System.out.println("result: " + result);
+        assertEquals(-3, result, "The target should not be found");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchLeftMost() {
+        int[] nums = new int[]{1, 3, 3, 5, 7};
+        assertEquals(0, BinarySearch.binarySearchLeftMost(nums, 1));
+        assertEquals(1, BinarySearch.binarySearchLeftMost(nums, 3));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinarySearchRightMost() {
+        int[] nums = new int[]{1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 7};
+        assertEquals(0, BinarySearch.binarySearchRightMost(nums, 1));
+        assertEquals(2, BinarySearch.binarySearchRightMost(nums, 3));
+        assertEquals(7, BinarySearch.binarySearchRightMost(nums, 5));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSearchRange() {
+        int[] nums = {5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10};
+        int[] nums1 = {1};
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{1,2}, BinarySearch.searchRange(nums, 7), "The result should be [1, 2]" );
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{3,4}, BinarySearch.searchRange(nums, 8), "The result should be [3, 4]" );
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{-1, -1}, BinarySearch.searchRange(nums, 6), "The result should be [-1, -1]");
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{0, 0}, BinarySearch.searchRange(nums1, 1), "The result should be [0, 0]");
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/nbee/solution/practice/DynamicArrayTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.practice;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import java.util.List;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertIterableEquals;
+
+class DynamicArrayTest {
+
+    private DynamicArray dynamicArray;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() {
+        dynamicArray = new DynamicArray();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddListInitial() {
+        dynamicArray.addList(1);
+        dynamicArray.addList(3);
+        dynamicArray.addList(5);
+        dynamicArray.add(1, 7);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            System.out.println(dynamicArray.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test01() {
+        dynamicArray.addList(1);
+        dynamicArray.addList(3);
+        dynamicArray.addList(5);
+        dynamicArray.add(1, 7);
+        dynamicArray.forEach(element -> {
+            System.out.println(element);
+        });
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void test02() {
+        dynamicArray.addList(1);
+        dynamicArray.addList(3);
+        dynamicArray.addList(5);
+        dynamicArray.add(1, 7);
+        for (Integer element : dynamicArray) {
+            System.out.println(element);
+        }
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void test03() {
+        dynamicArray.addList(1);
+        dynamicArray.addList(3);
+        dynamicArray.addList(5);
+        dynamicArray.add(1, 7);
+        dynamicArray.stream().forEach(element -> {
+            System.out.println(element);
+        });
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void test04() {
+        dynamicArray.addList(1);
+        dynamicArray.addList(3);
+        dynamicArray.addList(5);
+        dynamicArray.add(1, 7);
+        int removed =dynamicArray.remove(1);
+        System.out.println("removed: " + removed);
+        for (Integer element : dynamicArray) {
+            System.out.println(element);
+        }
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void test05() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+            dynamicArray.addList(i);
+        }
+        System.out.println(dynamicArray.toString());
+        assertIterableEquals(List.of(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), dynamicArray, "List should be equal");
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/nbee/solution/practice/SinglyLinkedListTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.nbee.solution.practice;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class SinglyLinkedListTest {
+    private SinglyLinkedList list = new SinglyLinkedList();
+    @Test
+    public void singlyLinkedListAddFirstTest(){
+        list.addFirst(1);
+        list.addFirst(3);
+        list.addFirst(5);
+        list.addFirst(6);
+        list.loop0(i -> System.out.println(i + " "));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void singlyLinkedListIteratorTest(){
+        list.addFirst(1);
+        list.addFirst(3);
+        list.addFirst(5);
+        list.addFirst(6);
+        for (Integer value: list) {
+            System.out.println(value);
+        }
+    }
+}